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Design Strategies for Practical Zinc-Air Batteries toward Electric Vehicles and Beyond
Design Strategies for Practical Zinc-Air Batteries toward Electric Vehicles and Beyond Advanced Energy Materials, Early View Sambhaji S. Shinde, Sung-Hae Kim, Nayantara K. Wagh, Jung-Ho Lee https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202405326 Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) offer promising forthcoming large-scale high-density storage systems and the cost-effectiveness of electrode materials, specifically in solid-state and liquid electrolytes. However, the uncontrolled diffusion and utilization of irreversible zinc components and cell design principles limit practical applications with severe capacity fade and interfacial reactions. In this perspective article, the aim is to shed lights on the underlying mechanisms of solid electrolytes and interfaces alongside the current status and prospective research insights. Formulations of ampere-hour (Ah)-scale cylindrical/pouch cells are discussed for 100–500 Wh kg−1 cell-level energy metrics under realistic operations. The electrode/electrolyte interface dynamics, scale-up readiness, testing protocols, and key performance metrics are also suggested for transforming lab-scale research into practical production.
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Scalable progress for advanced bifunctional electrocatalysts for practical zinc-air batteries

Scalable progress for advanced bifunctional electrocatalysts for practical zinc-air batteries

Journal of Energy Storage 109, 115230
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.115230 Nayantara K. Wagh , Sambhaji S. Shinde *, Jung-Ho Lee * Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) deemed significant attention due to their high power/energy densities, sustainability, and environmental safety. The demand for ZABs has recently been amplified for harsh electrochemical operations (wide temperatures and high current densities). Bifunctional oxygen catalysts play a significant role in determining energy efficiency and cycle lifespan. Air cathodes damage their structural and dynamic performances due to the inevitable freezing of electrolytes for low temperatures and accelerate dehydration for high temperatures, restraining capacity and rate performances. Thus, understanding structural design strategies for bifunctional catalysts to promote ZABs performances is crucial. Herein, we illustrate the ZABs configurations and reaction kinetics over universal pH electrolytes and present challenges of bifunctional catalysts and ZABs. Further, the catalyst design concepts with defects and interface engineering have been discussed. Different types of metallic-, metal-free, MOFs/ZIFs- with 0D, 1D, 2D, 3D, and free-standing structures based ORR/OER catalysts are explored by describing insights for selectivity and design approaches of ZABs for wide temperature operations. Also, the challenges and outlooks for ZABs catalysts are systematically provided for feasible ZABs performances.
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Atomically modulated Cu single-atom catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions towards high-power density Zn– and Al–air batteries
Atomically modulated Cu single-atom catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions towards high-power density Zn– and Al–air batteries Chemical Communications 2024 60, 15015 https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CC05217J Nayantara K. Wagh, Sambhaji S. Shinde and Jung-Ho Lee Herein, Cu single-atom-encapsulated hollow carbon–nitrogen spheres (CuSA@CNS) are fabricated through a solution process, confining optimal electronic structures reinforcing Cu–N4 active sites. CuSA@CNS demonstrate a remarkable half-wave potential of 0.95 V, mass activity, and a durability of 5000 cycles. Accordingly, CuSA@CNS present record-high power densities of 371 and 289 mW cm−2 for Zn– and Al–air batteries. The rechargeable Zn–air battery demonstrates an unprecedented small charge–discharge voltage and stable cycling for harsh operations at 50 mA cm−2, outperforming Pt/C.
Scaling-Up Insights for Zinc–Air Battery Technologies Realizing Reversible Zinc Anodes
Scaling-Up Insights for Zinc–Air Battery Technologies Realizing Reversible Zinc Anodes Advanced Materials, 35(48) 2303509 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202303509 Sambhaji S. Shinde, Nayantara K. Wagh, Chi Ho Lee, Dong-Hyung Kim, Sung-Hae Kim, Han-Don Um, Sang Uck Lee, Jung-Ho Lee Abstract Zinc–air battery (ZAB) technology is considered one of the promising candidates to complement the existing lithium-ion batteries for future large-scale high-energy-storage demands. The scientific literature reveals many efforts for the ZAB chemistries, materials design, and limited accounts for cell design principles with apparently superior performances for liquid and solid-state electrolytes. However, along with the difficulty of forming robust solid-electrolyte interphases, the discrepancy in testing methods and assessment metrics severely challenges the realistic evaluation/comparison and commercialization of ZABs. Here, strategies to formulate reversible zinc anodes are proposed and specific cell-level energy metrics (100−500 Wh kg−1) and realistic long-cycling operations are realized. Stabilizing anode/electrolyte interfaces results in a cumulative capacity of 25 Ah cm−2 and Coulomb efficiency of >99.9% for 5000 plating/stripping cycles. Using 1–10 Ah scale (≈500 Wh kg−1 at cell level) solid-state zinc–air pouch cells, scale-up insights for Ah-level ZABs that can progress from lab-scale research to practical production are also offered.
Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al, and Ca Anode Interface Chemistries Developed by Solid-State Electrolytes
Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al, and Ca Anode Interface Chemistries Developed by Solid-State Electrolytes Advanced Science, Early View, 2304235 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202304235 Sambhaji S. Shinde, Nayantara K. Wagh, Sung-Hae Kim, Jung-Ho Lee Abstract Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have received significant attention due to their high energy density, reversible cycle life, and safe operations relative to commercial Li-ion batteries using flammable liquid electrolytes. This review presents the fundamentals, structures, thermodynamics, chemistries, and electrochemical kinetics of desirable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) required to meet the practical requirements of reversible anodes. Theoretical and experimental insights for metal nucleation, deposition, and stripping for the reversible cycling of metal anodes are provided. Ion transport mechanisms and state-of-the-art solid-state electrolytes (SEs) are discussed for realizing high-performance cells. The interface challenges and strategies are also concerned with the integration of SEs, anodes, and cathodes for large-scale SSBs in terms of physical/chemical contacts, space-charge layer, interdiffusion, lattice-mismatch, dendritic growth, chemical reactivity of SEI, current collectors, and thermal instability. The recent innovations for anode interface chemistries developed by SEs are highlighted with monovalent (lithium (Li+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+)) and multivalent (magnesium (Mg2+), zinc (Zn2+), aluminum (Al3+), calcium (Ca2+)) cation carriers (i.e., lithium-metal, lithium-sulfur, sodium-metal, potassium-ion, magnesium-ion, zinc-metal, aluminum-ion, and calcium-ion batteries) compared to those of liquid counterparts.

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